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Survey and Analysis of Improvements in Alternative Proteins

Explore our market research findings to discover the key challenges facing the Brazilian plant-based meat market — at every stage of the value chain.

Credit: Quorn

A brief context

Since their launch on the Brazilian market in 2019, meat-based products have shown significant growth in the national scenario. This reflects a transformation in consumers' food preferences, especially in aspects such as health, flavor, price, and convenience. In 2023, the Brazilian market for plant-based meat and seafood substitutes reached R$1,1 billion in retail sales, 38% more than in 2022, maintaining the level of annual growth that had already been recorded in previous years (42% in 2022 and 36% in 2021, always compared to the previous year).


Previous research has identified several areas of concern that limit the full development of the plant-based meat market, both in Brazil and abroad. Regulatory challenges and a lack of standardization in production processes are frequently cited barriers, along with inadequate infrastructure for the production and distribution of plant-based meat products and the difficulty in accessing quality raw materials at competitive prices.

Against this backdrop, the Study Lamp This study was created to shed light on the main challenges and opportunities for the advancement of plant-based meat analogs in Brazil. Based on interviews with dozens of experts from industry, academia, and investment, the survey offers an in-depth view of the value chain and indicates concrete paths to unlock innovation, competitiveness, and sustainability in the sector.

Bruno Filgueira

Corporate Engagement Analyst

Inside our research

This research adopted a qualitative approach, aiming to deepen the understanding of the challenges faced by the Brazilian meat-based products industry. This method was chosen for its ability to explore, in detail, the perceptions, experiences and knowledge of the actors involved in this constantly changing market.

Data collect

To achieve the proposed objectives, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 experts from 37 organizations operating in the food sector. plant based. The choice of semi-structured interviews allowed greater flexibility in conducting conversations, making it possible to delve deeper into relevant topics that emerged during the interview.

2.1 Price bottlenecks

The production of plant-based meat analogues faces several challenges related to costs, ingredient availability and formulation. 


  • Most ingredients, such as pea and soy proteins, are imported, increasing costs and vulnerability to global market fluctuations.

  • Innovative flavorings, texturizers and functional ingredients such as canola protein are expensive, limiting their widespread adoption.

  • Despite the search for national alternatives, the offer is still limited in terms of quality.

  • The need to purchase large quantities of ingredients, combined with low demand, generates losses due to expiration.

  • Low demand limits purchasing in large volumes, making it difficult to negotiate better prices with suppliers.

  • The collective purchasing proposal faces challenges regarding the protection of confidential information between companies.

  • The search for authentic and innovative flavors increases costs and makes price competitiveness difficult.

  • The need to reduce costs prevents the adoption of new technologies and ingredients, “shelving” innovations.

  • Protein isolates and concentrates represent the largest share of ingredient costs, between 15% and 18% of the total.

  • Ingredients like liquid smoke flavoring are important to mimic the flavor of meat, but they are expensive.

  • Substances such as methyl cellulose contribute to the texture of the product and also impact costs.

  • The need for transportation in frozen chambers significantly increases logistics costs.

  • Supermarkets raise the price of products due to low demand in the category.

  • Shared production lines, designed for other types of food, are not efficient for the smaller volumes in the category, which increases costs per unit produced.

  • Packaging can represent up to 30% of the final cost of products.
  • High taxation and the absence of tax subsidies limit the competitiveness of the category and make the entire production chain more expensive.

  • The lack of regulation for hybrid products, which combine plant-based proteins and animal-based ingredients, limits innovation and prevents the development of cheaper and more scalable options.

2.2 Bottlenecks in the sensory similarity of analogous foods

The industry faces significant challenges in terms of flavor and texture, particularly in relation to the authentic taste and consistent texture of the meat.

  • The presence of aftertaste in some plant-based protein products affects the consumer experience.

  • The industry has difficulty reproducing the authentic, neutral flavor of meat and maintaining a consistent texture throughout cooking.

  • Texture is still the main barrier to sensory similarity and the wet extrusion technique is one of the promising solutions, although it has scale and development challenges.
  • Brands should include clearer instructions on packaging regarding the ideal preparation method.

  • Collaboration between the ingredients and manufacturing industries drives innovation.

  • Investments in research and development improve existing technologies.

2.3 Bottlenecks in distribution channels

The expansion of the market for plant-based meats in Brazil depends on overcoming several challenges in both retail and food service. 

  • The high cost of the products compared to traditional meats makes it difficult for consumers to adopt them.

  • Brands do not have packaging suitable for the profile of lower class consumers.

  • Products distributed in different sections create confusion for consumers.

  • In general, brands do not have a consistent merchandising strategy.

  • Brands, especially smaller ones, have difficulty competing for shelf space with higher turnover products.

  • The high profit margin applied by retailers increases the final price of products.

  • Independent restaurants avoid purchasing plant-based meat analogues due to low turnover and logistical costs.

  • Basic options predominate in the sector and there is little supply of more elaborate dishes.

  • A more lasting relationship between suppliers and restaurants and constant innovation on the menu are good strategies for consolidating the plant-based analogue food category.

2.4 Food safety bottlenecks

The safety of plant-based foods is a challenge that requires constant attention and the implementation of measures that guarantee the quality and safety of these products throughout the entire production chain.

  • The category has highly specialized ingredient suppliers, contributing to the quality of the products.

  • The use of freezing during transport and marketing controls microbial activity, ensuring greater safety.

  • Anvisa's RDC 719 establishes sanitary parameters for frozen products, although it is not specific to plant-based foods.

  • The presence of pesticide residues in plant-based ingredients is a concern, as in other plant-based food products.

  • The need for continuous training and the implementation of good manufacturing practices are essential to ensure the microbiological safety of products.

  • The lack of specific regulations for plant-based foods in Brazil represents a gap in ensuring the quality and safety of these products.

  • The lack of specific parameters for microbiological and quality analyses makes quality control difficult throughout the production chain.

2.5 Bottlenecks in the interface between academia and industry

Collaboration between industry and academia is crucial to accelerate the search for innovative and sustainable solutions, but it still faces several challenges in Brazil.

  • Industry seeks quick, market-oriented solutions, while academia works with longer timeframes and focuses on basic research.

  • Bureaucratic processes and patent disputes make it difficult to formalize partnerships.

  • Academic research does not meet the needs of industry while industrial products do not reflect consumer desires.

  • Outdated equipment in academia and a lack of investment make it difficult to conduct cutting-edge research.

  • Solutions that work in the laboratory are not always viable on an industrial scale.

2.6 Human resource bottlenecks

The plant-based meat sector faces challenges in talent management and development. The lack of qualified professionals with innovative profiles, the absence of specific training and the difficulty in attracting experienced talent are some of the main challenges for companies in the sector.

  • The need for professionals with the skills to develop innovative and disruptive products is critical.

  • Creating specific training and development programs to foster innovation is essential.

  • The emerging nature of the alternative protein market alienates senior professionals accustomed to large corporations.

  • Offering attractive benefits packages and building a strong organizational culture can be differentiators in attracting and retaining talent.

  • The lack of undergraduate and postgraduate courses focused on the development of plant-based products limits the number of specialized professionals.

  • The industry must engage with educational institutions to promote the creation of training programs in this area.

  • Current academic training, although solid, needs to incorporate a more holistic view of product development, covering aspects such as texture, flavor and product behavior during preparation.

2.7 Bottlenecks in innovation environments

The development of the plant-based alternative protein market depends on a robust and efficient innovation ecosystem. Despite the advances, several challenges prevent the full development of the sector.

  • The terminology and concepts related to alternative proteins are still little known by many actors in the innovation ecosystem.

  • The absence of specific scholarship and funding programs for the sector limits the participation of researchers and entrepreneurs.

  • The difficulty in obtaining initial resources prevents the creation of new startups and the development of long-term projects.

  • Many entrepreneurs are unaware of the opportunities offered by hubs, incubators and accelerators, which makes it difficult to access resources and mentoring.

  • The absence of a solid collaboration network between academia, startups and companies makes it difficult to disseminate knowledge and create innovative projects.

2.8 Bottlenecks in regulatory product approval

Regulation is a fundamental pillar for the sustainable growth of the alternative protein industry. In Brazil, the lack of a specific regulatory framework for plant-based analogue products has generated uncertainty and challenges for the sector.

  • The lack of clear and defined standards makes it difficult to standardize processes, guarantee quality and product safety, in addition to creating insecurity for manufacturers and consumers.

  • The lack of harmonization between Brazilian standards and those of other countries creates significant barriers to the export of similar plant products, reducing the competitiveness of Brazilian companies in the international market.

  • The lack of clear guidelines on how inspections should be conducted creates uncertainty regarding product nomenclature, labeling and safety.

  • The emergence of independent state legislation can create an uncoordinated regulatory environment, harming companies that operate in different regions of the country.

  • An organized effort is essential to mobilize stakeholders in the sector and encourage greater attention from public regulators to the need for specific legislation aligned with the interests of the market and consumers.

2.9 Product health bottlenecks

The complexity of developing products that meet consumer expectations and regulatory requirements presents several challenges.

  • It is essential to understand the real needs and preferences of consumers in order to develop products with an appropriate and attractive nutritional profile. The industry must seek a balance between adding essential nutrients and simplifying the ingredient list.

  • The choice of ingredients and the optimization of formulations are crucial to guarantee the nutritional and sensory quality of products. Finding economically viable and technically efficient alternatives is a constant challenge.

  • The processing of plant foods can significantly affect their nutritional value. A balance must be struck between eliminating unwanted flavors and preserving nutrients.

  • Adding vitamins is a common practice, but high cost and uncertainty about consumer expectations limit its application.

  • Choosing plant-based protein sources with high biological value and good digestibility is essential to ensure an adequate supply of essential amino acids in the final product.

  • The lack of specific regulations for analogue plant products makes it difficult to compare different products and ensure a minimum quality standard.

  • The search for new sources of vegetable proteins and functional ingredients can open up new possibilities for the development of more nutritious and tasty products.

2.10 Ingredient bottlenecks

The selection and combination of ingredients plays a key role in achieving texture, flavor and appearance similar to animal meat. However, the search for innovative and effective solutions faces several technical and economic challenges.

  • Methylcellulose is an example of a widely used ingredient, but with low acceptance by consumers. The search for alternatives with equivalent performance is a constant challenge.

  • Reproducing the characteristic red color of meat, including its transition during cooking, is a complex challenge.

  • Adapting the functional properties of plant proteins, such as soy and pea, to mimic the characteristics of animal meat is a challenging process due to the structural differences between proteins.

  • Algae such as spirulina offer a broad nutritional profile and interesting functional properties, but their use is still limited in the Brazilian industry.

  • Continuous investment in research and development is necessary, aiming at the discovery of new ingredients, the optimization of processes and the creation of more efficient formulations.

  • Innovations that use by-products, such as protein-rich agribusiness waste, face difficulties in leaving the laboratory and reaching a viable industrial scale, without losing the desired functional and sensory characteristics.

  • Domestic production of non-GMO soy is low, limiting its availability for the plant-based food sector and leading companies to resort to more expensive and less sustainable imports.

2.11 Bottlenecks in production

The production of plant-based meats in Brazil, although promising, faces challenges that directly impact its competitiveness in the global market.

  • Expanding and strengthening national production of ingredients such as aromas, dyes and hydrocolloids can reduce dependence on imports and increase control over the production chain.

  • Replacing old equipment with more modern and efficient technologies optimizes production processes and reduces costs.

  • It is necessary to implement tax incentive policies for the opening of new industries and the modernization of existing ones, stimulating investment in technology and innovation.

  • It is crucial to develop processing technologies that preserve the nutritional and functional properties of ingredients.

  • Promoting the development of the alternative protein industry involves implementing public policies, such as specific lines of credit, research and development support programs and certifications that value national products.

2.12 Investment bottlenecks

The Brazilian plant-based alternative protein sector demonstrates potential for exponential growth. However, the expansion of this market faces significant challenges related to investment, infrastructure and financial planning.

  • The creation of spaces dedicated to research and development, through public-private partnerships, is essential to foster innovation and attract investment.

  • The expansion of credit lines with attractive conditions for small producers is essential for the growth of the sector.

  • High production, logistics and marketing costs, combined with the ease of replicating technologies, contribute to limited profit margins.

  • The low profit margin makes it difficult to raise venture capital resources, which seek quick returns.

  • The lack of financial knowledge and well-structured business plans prevents many businesses from attracting investment and growing sustainably.

  • Companies must have a solid structure from the beginning, with a focus on economic viability and solid development strategies.

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2.1 Price bottlenecks

In the Brazilian market, having a competitive price is often more important in the purchasing decision than the list of ingredients or sensory similarity, for example. However, the ideal point for this cost decision will need to be tested. It is up to the industry to conduct tests by product and by target audience, taking cultural aspects into consideration, to understand what actually determines the consumer's purchase of its product.

In terms of ingredients, reducing their cost will require action on several fronts, starting with the development of a national supply chain. We must take advantage of the power of Brazilian agribusiness to expand the use we make of our production. Likewise, our biodiversity and food industry waste offer opportunities for research that will result in new ingredients rich in fiber, protein and other nutrients that add value to the final product, without necessarily increasing production costs.

The complexity of retail distribution costs will be the focus of a more in-depth GFI study to be published in 2025. This analysis, which will also be available in the “Distribution Channels” section, will highlight the need for an integrated strategy between industry and retail. This partnership is crucial to finding a balance that meets the interests of both parties and, most importantly, ensures that consumers have access to the products they want at fair prices.

Choosing product packaging plant based must be practical and oriented to the real needs of consumers and retailers. The focus should be on solutions that are viable and that meet logistical and commercial requirements, without unnecessarily increasing costs.

The tax issue needs to be understood on two fronts. The first refers to the lack of a specific tax classification for analogous plant products. The second refers to the rates applied to analogous plant products compared to the rates and exemptions applied to products of animal origin, which generate a distortion in the tax burden between the two categories.

While the debates were progressing in the Executive and Legislative branches and knowing that the full implementation of the Tax Reform will take place over a 10-year agenda, we sought opportunities for immediate tax reductions. We were successful in reducing the IPI rate on plant-based beverages to zero through Decree No. 11.087/2022.

In 2024, when the Tax Reform text began to be processed in the Chamber of Deputies, the GFI worked for an amendment that would include analogous plant products in the general food group. Due to the fast pace at which the Bill was approved in the Chamber, the amendment was not even discussed in plenary. With the passage of the Bill for discussion and vote in the Federal Senate, we were able to register the amendment again. At the time of writing this text, discussions in the Federal Senate are awaiting the municipal elections and should resume soon, with expectations of defining the senators' votes in early 2025.

2.2 Bottlenecks in the sensory similarity of analogous foods

According to the GFI Brazil survey “360° View of the Brazilian Consumer and the Plant-based Market 2023/2024”, when thinking about meat, many consumers immediately associate it with barbecue: a source of protein, pleasure and socialization. Although the rational argument for its consumption is its protein value, it is the flavor that truly attracts. Making this move in a society that sees meat as the main source of protein is a significant cultural challenge. Even so, many consumers have expressed concerns about the negative impact that frequent consumption of animal meat can have on their health and have been reducing their consumption. According to the same survey, 36% of Brazilians from classes A, B and C reduced their consumption of red meat in the previous 12 months, citing health (38%) and high cost (35%) as the main motivations.

For 21% of people who don’t eat plant-based meat, unpleasant taste is the main reason. Based on consumer experience and industry-reported struggles, it’s clear that the sector has yet to deliver the desired balance between taste, price, convenience and health.

Many of the problems that negatively affect the flavor of vegetable proteins are related to volatile and non-volatile compounds, which contribute to the development of off-flavors. Legume off-flavors are inherent to the product and partially produced during harvesting, processing and storage. Therefore, identifying technological strategies throughout the production chain to obtain a protein with a more neutral flavor helps to advance the development of vegetable protein ingredients with improved quality and greater consumer acceptance.

Furthermore, there is an important point about preparation. Animal meat is quite versatile. A sausage works well on the grill, in feijoada or in pasta ragu. The difficulty of preparing the same type of product in all its traditional forms is a point of concern for the category. Maintaining the population's food traditions depends on this versatility.

Breaking down silos was one of the main findings that the interviewees found to be important for the advancement of plant-based meat products. Each industry specializes in its own area of ​​expertise: proteins, additives, manufacturing, etc. Understanding how each link in this chain behaves when combined with the other and what adjustments can be made considering the whole and not the individual can be an important strategy for overcoming challenges related to the sensory experience. In this sense, promoting thematic discussion forums focused on what the consumer expects can be a first step in this direction.

It is important to emphasize that the search for sensory similarity should not compromise price. The industry needs to invest in product development and economies of scale, but without losing sight of the need to offer products that are affordable to the consumer.

2.3 Bottlenecks in distribution channels

A survey conducted by GFI in 2023, through the “360° Look” research, identified on social media that the difficulty in finding alternative proteins in supermarkets and restaurants is a recurring complaint among consumers. This data corroborates the results of another research of the GFI, carried out in 2022, which indicated the supermarket as the main acquisition channel for the first purchase of plant-based alternatives (58%). The main motivations for this first purchase were curiosity (47%), the search for healthier options (33%) and recommendations from friends (25%).

The research shows that both curiosity aroused at the point of sale and intentional search for these products can be frustrated by the lack of availability on the shelves. Furthermore, advertising stimuli at the point of sale play a crucial role in the purchase decision, outweighing the influence of external campaigns. Discounts, tastings, free samples, advertising materials and the strategic display of products next to animal-based options are some of the actions that can be implemented by retailers to boost sales.

This is a challenge that requires a sectoral approach. It is essential to promote coordination between industry and retail to develop the category more broadly. To do so, it is necessary to analyze how other categories have been introduced at points of sale, which strategies have proven effective and which lessons can be applied to the alternative protein market.

2.4 Food safety bottlenecks

The GFI, seeking to strengthen the production chain of plant-based foods and assist regulatory agencies, commissioned an unprecedented study on the safety of plant-based products. Conducted by experts from the Food Technology Institute (ITAL) with the support of Liner Consultoria de Alimentos, the study provides a detailed analysis of the ingredients, manufacturing processes and potential hazards associated with these products, in addition to suggesting control measures to ensure the production of safe plant-based foods. It is worth noting that there is little history of food outbreaks involving the safety of this category of products and that efforts need to be directed towards building references in this field. Therefore, this study also identified the main gaps in scientific knowledge in this area, which should be the subject of research to generate scientific evidence that will support, mainly, studies assessing the hazards and risks of these foods.

Despite the lack of specific regulations on analogue plant products in food safety, there is a set of existing regulations that apply to the case. The topic of creating a specific regulation is part of Anvisa's 2024-2025 Regulatory Agenda, which has already publicly signaled that it plans to conclude this study by the end of 2025. For now, at the national level, Anvisa resolutions RDC 839/2023 (general regulation of new foods and ingredients, those without a history of safe consumption in the country) and RDC 719/2022 and 726/2022 (respectively sanitary requirements for ready-to-eat foods and plant products) apply to the topic, and at the international level the Codex General Standard for Vegetable Protein Products (VPP – CODEX STAN 174-1989). The Department of Inspection of Products of Plant Origin of the Ministry of Agriculture (Dipov/Mapa) has also been advancing on the subject, but its regulations should be limited to issues of product nomenclature and labeling, without apparently providing definitions for food safety issues.

To support discussions on security aspects, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recently released the report Food Safety Perspectives on New Food Sources and Systems, addressing the challenges and opportunities related to food safety plant based, and precision fermentation technologies and 3D food printing. The paper summarizes the existing literature addressing both food safety risks and other relevant aspects, such as nutritional characteristics, environmental impacts and consumer perceptions. The FAO report reaffirms the importance of robust regulations, continuous development and clear communication with the consumer.

GFI Brazil closely monitors these advances, seeking to ensure that innovations in the plant-based food sector are implemented safely and with clear benefits for the environment and public health.

2.5 Bottlenecks in the interface between academia and industry

Building bridges between academia and industry represents a challenge that transcends the alternative protein sector. In Brazil, the consolidation of promising partnerships still requires joint efforts from companies, academia and government.

Understanding the distinct but complementary roles of each actor is essential. Academia, driven by the search for knowledge, tends to develop innovative solutions, but these may not be economically viable on a large scale. On the other hand, industry, guided by market demands, seeks agile and cost-effective solutions. The key to success lies in building a balanced relationship that allows scientific excellence to be reconciled with market demands.

In the case of alternative proteins, the technological complexity involved accentuates the challenges. Academia, focused on technological potential, seeks scientifically perfect solutions, while industry seeks rapid and scalable solutions. This divergence of perspectives requires a collaborative approach that allows the development of innovative and economically viable solutions.

To foster this collaboration, GFI proposes a series of initiatives, such as networking, meetups interaction between universities and companies, training of researchers, provision of technical materials – andmarket and consumer behavior studies, mapping of sector challenges, technical materials to prepare researchers and entrepreneurs to develop technologies that meet sector demands and consumer expectations – e demodays for the presentation of technologies developed in Science and Technology Institutions (ICT), with subsequent connection to the Innovation and Technology Centers (NIT), responsible for the management of intellectual property and the transfer of technologies developed in universities. In addition, the creation of formal partnership models, such as umbrella contracts, can strengthen the relationship between institutions, prioritizing research into alternative proteins and facilitating technology transfer.

It is essential that academia and industry understand that innovation is a collaborative process that requires adaptation and flexibility from both parties. By working together, they can overcome challenges and drive the development of a strategic sector for Brazil.

2.6 Human resource bottlenecks

The alternative protein sector is experiencing growth driven by innovations in biotechnology, demands for sustainability and changes in consumer habits. However, with this rapid growth comes an urgent challenge: the need for qualified professionals. It is essential that we direct efforts towards training professionals in related areas, preparing them for technological challenges and growing demands.

Thus, many initiatives are implemented in the academic ecosystem to meet this expectation. Alternative protein themes are also already present in academic weeks, workshops, conferences and extension courses at universities located in all regions of Brazil. Counting on the pioneering spirit of these universities and encouraged by the global initiative of the GFI with the Alt Protein Project (APP), six Brazilian universities – Unicamp, UFMG, USP, UFPR, UFSC and Unesp – stand out in this field because they have groups made up of students and supported by professors, promoting the topic of alternative proteins in the academic environment. In addition, through the APP, these groups work to train students, create lines of research, courses and disciplines in the field of alternative proteins, and generate business ideas that expand opportunities for improving technologies, processes, ingredients and products in this field.

Aiming to offer basic and accessible training to all interested parties, whether students or professionals in general, GFI launched the following courses: The Science of Alternative Proteins e Advanced Topics in Alternative Proteins which are available in the format Online and free of charge on our platform. Among the various publications available on our website, we highlight the Alternative Proteins Technology Series and Teaching Plan for Courses in Alternative Proteins, which was developed as a model, with the minimum content necessary to train professionals with understanding and critical sense about the challenges of this new food production chain.

2.7 Bottlenecks in innovation environments

GFI Brazil is important for connecting innovation ecosystems in alternative proteins and the plant-based market. This work began by identifying environments that could help the sector and involving these actors. During the visits, challenges were noted, such as the lack of adequate infrastructure for startups. Often, the spaces offered do not meet the specific needs of these companies, especially in relation to laboratories and food production standards.

Lack of infrastructure and lack of knowledge about alternative proteins may limit the ability to support these startups. Another major challenge is the creation of programs dedicated to supporting and accelerating plant-based startups, since, in many regions, demand is not large enough to justify an exclusive program for the sector, or environments face restrictions that prevent them from working with a single theme.

In light of this scenario, GFI Brazil has engaged several stakeholders, such as accelerators, incubators, hubs, venture builders, funds, research support foundations, technology parks, research and development centers, and companies, to cooperate in joint initiatives and programs. The goal is to foster the sharing of resources and infrastructure to build a robust innovation path for the alternative protein sector in Brazil. In addition, GFI Brazil prepares support materials such as guide of startups, market data, consumer behavior research and technical training. It also provides a network of partners made up of mentors, investors and other innovation environments, aimed at those who have plant-based startups in their portfolios or who are interested in launching programs with a greater focus or exclusivity on the topic of alternative proteins.

An effective solution for creating robust environments aimed at accelerating business in the sector would be to enable shared infrastructure or create reference centers. These centers could offer acceleration programs or have programs associated with the infrastructure, providing startups access to the equipment and laboratories necessary for the development of their innovations.

It is important that all actors in the innovation process understand their roles and contribute collaboratively and synergistically to the advancement of innovation in alternative proteins.

2.8 Bottlenecks in regulatory product approval

In addition to food safety and labeling regulations, three other aspects are worth noting to complement the regulatory framework for analogue plant products. The first of these is the regulation for product registration with Anvisa, currently governed by RDC 843/2024 and IN 281/2024, which are generic regulations for the food sector and therefore also apply to analogue plant products. In its proposed regulation discussed at the public hearing mentioned in the previous item, Dipov/Mapa refers to an electronic environment for registering analogue plant products, but at the time of writing this document there is no concrete data on this environment and how much it will interact and interoperate with the current Anvisa regulation. This regulation by two different agencies is a point of attention for GFI, which has been working to promote harmony between the actions of Dipov/Mapa and GGALI/Anvisa in order to avoid double regulation or the existence of conflicting regulations.

Next comes the regulation for inspection of production units. This topic is generally regulated by Anvisa's RDC 275/2002, but Dipov/Mapa is working internally on a general regulation for the inspection of products of plant origin (RIISPOV, equivalent to RIISPOA for products of animal origin defined by Decree No. 10.468 of 2020) that should address this type of inspection. In addition to the same concern in harmonizing the actions of regulatory agents, GFI promotes debates within the Alternative Proteins Working Group in favor of food companies being proactive in adapting, as quickly as possible, to the self-control programs recommended by Mapa.

Finally, the lack of specific codes for analogous plant products in the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), the international product nomenclature managed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and from which the Common Mercosur Nomenclature (NCM) used in Brazil is derived, makes it difficult to develop appropriate tax policies for these products. Today, plant-based beverages are classified by companies mainly under NCM 2202.99.00 (other beverages) and plant-based meat and dairy products under NCM 2106.90.90 (other miscellaneous food preparations). Both are generic headings that, in addition to mixing categories of different analogous plant products, are mixed with other foods without specific classification. The GFI has been organizing itself globally to initiate negotiations with a WCO member country to request the start of a debate to open specific headings for alternative protein products.

The Alternative Proteins Working Group, coordinated by GFI, has been meeting since August 2020, but the maturation of the market and the debates with the government require a clearer institutionalization of this representation of interests. An associative environment specialized in technologies, such as Plant-Based Foods Association, Precision Fermentation Alliance and Association for Meat, Poultry and Seafood Innovation, in the USA, could be a good model for Brazil to follow.

2.9 Product health bottlenecks

Healthiness is one of the most important attributes of plant-based foods, however, many consumers still have doubts about the real nutritional value of these products. According to the latest research conducted by GFI Brazil, 38% of people who stopped eating or reduced their meat consumption did so for health-related reasons, which could be an excellent opportunity for brands operating in the sector, if it weren't for the lack of knowledge about the nutritional benefits or advantages in relation to products of animal origin.

Part of this perception is caused by both the quantity of ingredients in the products and the presence of components that can generate distrust about the healthiness of the food. In addition, the lack of consistent communication about the benefits of these products makes it difficult for consumers to understand the value they offer.

The connection with ultra-processed products is another point that frequently appears linked to the category. According to research data, Brazilian Consumer and the Plant-based Market conducted by GFI in 2022, 52% of respondents say they look at the labels of ultra-processed products before purchasing them, whether to consult the nutritional table, list of ingredients or both. It is worth noting that 43% of respondents consider that ultra-processed foods, in general, are bad for health, and 49% say that a similar plant-based product may or may not be ultra-processed, depending on the ingredients and manufacturing process.

Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that the consumer public in this category is mostly made up of flexitarians, individuals who intentionally reduce the consumption of animal products in their diets. This group, in general, has a more in-depth knowledge about food and considers the impact of food on health as a determining factor in their choices. The research corroborates this statement by revealing that, among flexitarians, 48% cite health as the main reason for reducing meat consumption, a percentage significantly higher than the 34% found among omnivores.

In research carried out in 2022 e 2023, with the aim of evaluating the nutritional information of vegetable products similar to meat and their counterparts of animal origin available on the Brazilian market, it was identified that the vegetable products presented a nutritional value comparable to and, in some aspects, superior to that of items of animal origin, notably the reduction in the content of saturated fat, sodium and higher fiber content. Therefore, vegetable products similar to meat can contribute to a balanced and healthy diet and, despite the good indicators, there is still room for nutritional improvement of these foods.

The main opportunities to improve the healthfulness of plant-based meat-like foods lie in the careful selection of ingredients and production processes. By selecting complete protein sources, such as soy or combinations of legumes and cereals, and by using healthy fats, such as unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, it is possible to create more nutritious products. Reducing the sodium, sugar and saturated fat content, and fortifying with micronutrients, such as iron, zinc and vitamin B12, also contribute to a more complete nutritional profile. In this sense, it is essential that industry, researchers and regulatory bodies work together to optimize the nutritional profile of plant-based meat-like foods.

Therefore, it is important to find a balance between healthiness, flavor and price in order to meet consumer expectations and understand that plant-based products, even though they have a strong correlation with consumer health desires, are an item that makes up a diet and not a food that needs to contain all the necessary daily nutrients in a single product.

Defining identity and quality standards for analogous plant-based products requires caution on the part of regulatory bodies. Although studies indicate significant variability in the nutritional values ​​of these products and there are calls for stricter regulation, it is crucial that established standards do not inhibit innovation in this sector. The challenge is to reconcile the need to ensure food safety and quality with encouraging the development of new formulations.

2.10 Ingredient bottlenecks

Interviewees highlighted three main challenges related to the ingredients used in plant-based meats: the need for more research and development, the importance of guiding consumers on the benefits and characteristics of the products, and the search for ingredients with the best cost-benefit ratio.

To optimize the new product development process, it is essential to identify which ingredients are currently not delivering the desired functionality, such as texture, flavor, and nutritional value. By directing research efforts to these specific areas, companies can develop products that are more competitive and appealing to consumers.

The issue of GMOs, although not a widespread impediment to the consumption of plant-based meats in Brazil, can influence consumer choice, especially among those more concerned about health and the origin of food. A survey conducted by GFI Brazil in 2020 revealed that consumers know little about the subject and that this is not reflected in a massive rejection of GMO products. Of the total number of respondents, 73% said they were indifferent or did not avoid buying foods that contained some GMO ingredient.

The European market, with its restrictions on the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), represents an opportunity for Brazil to position itself as a global supplier of non-GMO ingredients. However, to seize this opportunity, it is necessary to overcome challenges related to production, storage and logistics, ensuring the quality and safety of products.

Brazil has a large biodiversity of plants that can become raw materials, either from the main source or from the waste/byproducts of this source. Through the Biomes Program, GFI invests in studies on native species from the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, focusing on proteins, fibers, oils, dyes and aromas.

Other study A recent study conducted by GFI mapped sources of domestically produced plant proteins, as well as the industrial waste and byproducts with the best technological and economic performance for use in similar plant-based foods. From the 18 raw materials analyzed, four were selected as the most promising sources: corn, cassava, rice and potatoes, as they are the varieties that most drive the national economy due to the volume produced. The processing of these sources to obtain different products can lead to the generation of byproducts and waste that, in turn, can be used to produce other ingredients.

Furthermore, the production of proteins from waste can strengthen the national food industry, opening up new opportunities in the international market. For this transformation to occur efficiently, it is essential that agro-industrial companies invest in research and technologies that allow the extraction and processing of these proteins.

Exploring new technologies to enable the use of by-products and the development of new ingredients at more competitive costs should also be a focus of researchers and developers. Fermentation and the use of enzymes are examples of biotechnological processes that have proven to be efficient and capable of enabling ingredient solutions to improve texture, nutrition and flavor in plant-based products similar to meat.

Algae, which are still little explored, also have enormous potential as a nutritional source for the production of alternative foods. Their cultivation is highly efficient, requiring less water and land than conventional agriculture. In addition, algae are rich in high-quality proteins, comparable to those found in meat, and in several micronutrients essential for health, such as B vitamins, iron and zinc. Some species of microalgae are capable of producing heme, a compound that gives meat its characteristic flavor and aroma and is also an important source of bioavailable iron. These characteristics make algae a promising ingredient for the formulation of products plant based, such as plant-based burgers and processed meats, which seek to mimic the texture, flavor and nutritional value of animal meat. To learn more about the potential of algae, access the publication made by GFI: Potential application of algae in alternative protein products.

2.11 Bottlenecks in production

Although the plant-based food industry has benefited from the expertise and infrastructure in the meat sector, the creation of products such as meat cuts, steaks and fillets will require significant technological advances. It is necessary to develop specialized equipment that allows the texture of these foods to be improved, mimicking the experience of consuming animal meat.

The lack of access to pilot plants, with high costs and limited infrastructure, is an obstacle to research and development in this area. These plants are essential for testing new technologies and ingredients on a pilot scale, such as equipment for extraction, modification and texturization of vegetable proteins. The absence of these tools prevents startups and small entrepreneurs can innovate and develop new products.

The plant-based meat production process requires strict quality control of the ingredients used. The lack of rapid analysis equipment prevents accurate, real-time monitoring of properties such as protein content and quality, compromising the efficiency and quality of the final product. Laboratory methods, although accurate, produce results that take a long time to produce, limiting rapid decision-making and adaptation of the production process.

The acquisition of rapid analysis equipment, despite being a significant investment, will bring long-term benefits, such as cost reduction and improved quality of the final product. For the successful implementation of these analyses, it is essential to develop specific analytical methods for each type of ingredient, integrate the equipment into the production systems and train the professionals involved. In this way, the food industry will be able to guarantee the quality and safety of products, meet the demands of an increasingly demanding market and become more competitive.

2.12 Investment bottlenecks

The need for access to capital by startups and new industries entering the sector plant based It occurs in several stages. Most investments are needed in the following phases: initial – for research and development of prototypes and proof of concept; scalability – for large-scale production testing of the new technology; and, finally, market – for investments in market entry and growth. However, the innovation process does not follow such a linear path. The entrepreneur can enter the market beforehand to validate his solution and target audience, and each stage may require more than one round of investment to overcome technical challenges.

The food industry operates with low profit margins, the return on investment is slower and riskier. The demand for capital investment (Capex) is high, technological development processes have a longer maturity time and are more capital intensive. These factors, combined with the market challenges already mentioned, have made attracting new investors a difficult task. However, startups that present more competitive business models, with more profitable margins and technological innovations embedded in their products, offering clear differentials, continue to attract the interest of investors.

GFI remains committed to engaging new investors in the sector. In addition, as an alternative, it seeks to attract investment funds focused on impact businesses, whose criteria can favor the competitiveness of plant-based startups.

GFI, through its research incentive program, annually launches calls for proposals to solve challenges and bottlenecks relevant to the advancement of alternative proteins. This program has been fundamental in engaging researchers and consolidating research groups on the topic, in addition to building the scientific foundations of alternative proteins worldwide.

An alternative to facilitate access to innovation support resources would be to focus on the resources decentralized by Finep through state Research Support Foundations (FAP). We are building a cooperation agreement with the National Council of State Research Support Foundations (CONFAP) so that any interested state FAP can build a call for proposals based on the model match funding 1:1 with GFI Brazil in 2025. The notice to be created, as a result of this partnership, should be openscience (in the case of academic research) or support for facilities or shared-use equipment (in the case of research facilities or innovation centers).

Productive credit, such as Finame, consists of credit operations (capital repayable by the company) for the purchase of industrial equipment with easy interest rates. Brazilian companies historically tend to have reservations regarding this type of debt. The rates are usually fixed for any type of operation, with small variations for priority segments (whose definition changes, but today investments related to the so-called “Green Economy” are in the spotlight), remaining around TLP (Long-Term Interest Rate, around 6,3% per year at the time of writing this document) plus spread around 1% per year

Another source of credit for industrial projects is the Constitutional Financing Funds, available only for the North (FNO, operated by Banco da Amazônia), Central-West (FCO, operated by Banco do Brasil) and Northeast (FNE, operated by Banco do Nordeste) regions. These funds can cover a broader range of expenses, from purchasing equipment to financing working capital, and therefore tend to operate at interest rates slightly higher than those of Finame. In addition to the aversion to debt for credit, there is the geographical restriction on the operation of these Funds.

One way to be explored to “unlock” these financing mechanisms through credit is the modality of blended finance, also called blended financing, is a form of investment that combines public, development or philanthropic resources with private capital with the aim of financing projects with a positive social, environmental or economic development impact. This modality stands out in sustainable financing by contributing to the achievement of the SDGs (UN Sustainable Development Goals). GFI Brazil intends to study this form of financing with development agents from 2025 onwards, as a form of investment capital. follow-on for non-reimbursable resources contributed by FAPs generating products or industrial assets for the exclusive use of companies.

Another strategy to facilitate infrastructure financing is future purchase contracts (or “offtake agreements”). In this modality, a client company, or a philanthropy, commits to acquiring a minimum volume of future production. These contracts reduce the financial risk of the project, as they guarantee predictability of revenue, facilitating access to credit and attracting investments.